The only problem: Katherine had to be in Hell when she did it, which meant that one Salvatore brother had to take the magic dagger and stab her with it as the fire consumed her.
Not willing to let Katherine win, Bonnie came up with a plan to send the Hell Fire back into Hell and destroy it. With some help from Kai, Katherine returned to town in all her glory and magically confined Elena's body to the high school to ensure that it would be consumed in the fire. Katherine's evil plan to bring Hell Fire to Mystic Falls wasn't just a way to get revenge on Damon and Stefan, it was also a way to destroy Elena once and for all. Stefan died on The Vampire Diaries to save Mystic Falls from being consumed in Hell Fire. Of course, it wasn't all just to save his brother.
One of the show's most beloved characters, Stefan Salvatore, met his end on the series in the finale when he sacrificed himself so that Damon could have a life with Elena. And, the TVD series finale, "I Was Feeling Epic" is no exception.
Penicillin was indeed an innovation that changed the world, and will keep doing so if we are able to provide universal, sustainable access to antibiotics over the globe.It wouldn't be The Vampire Diaries if there wasn't death. Therefore access to effective antibiotics is a prerequisite for these therapies. Patients with immunosuppression are more prone to acquire an infection and will become more seriously ill unless treated with antibiotics. Many cancer therapies and all organ transplants cause immunosuppression – as unintentional adverse effects in the case of cancer or as intentional therapy that is crucial in the case of transplants. Immunosuppression may be caused by either a disease or as a result of medical care. It is safe to say that our intensive/critical care would not be nearly as advanced, had it not been for antibiotics. Also, medical devices like intubation tubes and catheters pose a significant risk for hospital acquired infections. The patients have often suffered traumas or burns that result in infections. Intensive care units are the largest users of antibiotics in hospitals. Intensive care and critically ill patients Without antibiotics, many surgeries would be deeply unethical to perform. In lower income countries and crisis zones, these risks are often not possible to mitigate and antibiotics are a crucial component of all surgical care. Surgery still relies heavily on the existence of antibiotics, especially when implanting a foreign body, like a shunt or a prosthetic heart valve. SurgeryĪdvances in hospital hygiene and sterile techniques have brought down the risk of surgical site infections in high income countries, but the risk is not completely eliminated. 10% of maternal deaths are due to bacterial infections that could be treated with antibiotics, and one child dies every three minutes due to an infection that could have been cured with antibiotics.
In low income countries, getting pregnant and having a child might be the two of the most dangerous things that a woman can do. Sometimes even the smallest wounds caused by for example by stepping on a sharp stone or getting stung by a wasp are enough to cause a life-threatening infection. It doesn’t even have to be a large wound, like a loss of limb in battle. Wounds can become infected and require antibiotic treatment. Largely thanks to access to clean water and sanitation, the amount of infections has decreased dramatically even after that.Īt the same time, low and middle income countries still struggle with access to clean water and sanitation, and diarrheal diseases are way too common causes for antibiotic use, also because they often are caused by viral infections. By the mid-30s, diarrhea had disappeared from the top 10 list. DiarrheaĪgain in the year 1928, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal infections had dropped from the third most common cause of death in the USA in 1900 to causing 30,000 deaths. But it is still a major scourge in low- and middle income countries claiming the lives of more than a million people every year. Similarly tuberculosis has been almost eradicated in high income countries thanks to antibiotics. Without access to efficient antibiotics, pneumonia is a killer – with efficient antibiotics, community acquired pneumonia is generally cured within a week or two. Looking at mortality data from the USA in 1928, respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and tuberculosis caused 18% of all deaths. Pneumonia and other respiratory infections